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A disease is a state in which, body or organs of the body show variation. Such changes are called symptoms. Therefore, symptoms indicate the presence of disease. 

Acute diseases

Diseases which last for a short period of time is called acute disease. For example, common cold, fever, eye infections, pain, etc.

Chronic diseases

Diseases that last for a long time is called chronic diseases. For example, Kidney disease, heart disease, respiratory disease, etc. Also, it causes prolonged weakness in the body. For example, if the person suffers from tuberculosis, the person can face weight loss and a long period of weakness providing bad health.

The different means by which infectious diseases spread are:

(a) Through air: They are also called air-borne diseases. The air carries bacteria, virus and the diseases that can be caused are common cold, influenza, tuberculosis etc.
(b) Through food and water: When one eats/drinks contaminated food/water, that contains bacteria, virus, worm etc. it can cause diseases like cholera typhoid, hepatitis.
(c) Through contact: Many diseases spread by contact of an infected person with a healthy person. For example, fungal infections, skin diseases, scabies etc.
(d) By sexual contact: Many diseases can be transmitted, for example, syphilis, AIDS.
(e) By body fluids: Fluids like blood, semen, mother’s milk, when infected,
can also cause diseases. For example AIDS.
(f) Vectors: The organism that spreads disease by carrying pathogens from one place to another is called a vector. For example, mosquitoes are vectors that carry pathogens like protozoa.

Parts of the Body Affected by Diseases

Disease

Affected Body Part

Arthritis 

Joints

Asthma 

Bronchial Muscles

Cataract 

Eyes

Diabetes 

Pancreas

Diphtheria 

Throat

Eczema 

Skin

Glaucoma 

      Eyes

Goitre 

Thyroid Gland

Jaundice 

Liver

Leukaemia 

Blood

Malaria 

Spleen

Meningitis 

Brain and Spinal Cord

Otitis 

Ears

Paralysis 

Nerves

Pneumonia 

  Lungs

Polio 

 Legs

Pyorrhoea 

Teeth and Gums

Rheumatism 

Joints

Sinusitis 

                         Inflammation of sinus linings

Tonsillitis 

Tonsils

Trachoma 

  Eyes

Tuberculosis 

Lungs

Typhoid 

Intestines

Diseases and Causative Agents

Causative AgentDisease
BacteriaDiphtheria, Gonorrhoea, Meningitis, Cholera, Leprosy, Typhoid, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Plague, Whooping Cough, Pneumonia
VirusChicken Pox, Small Pox, Measle, Mumps, AIDS, Yellow fever, Influenza, Dengue fever, Rabies, Polio-meritis phelebotomus
ProtozoansMalaria, Sleeping sickness, Kala-azar, Leishmaniasis, Amoebic dysentery
FungusAthlete's foot, Ringworms, Madura foot, Dhobi's itch
HelminthsFilaria, Tapeworm and Hookworm transmission

Important Information about Human Body

  • Biggest Organ: Liver
  • Heart Beat: 72 times in a minute
  • Master Gland: Pituitary
  • Number of Bone: 206
  • Number of Muscles: 640
  • Number of chromosomes: 46 or 23 pairs
  • Normal Blood Pressure: 80 to 120
  • Teeth: 32
  • The volume of Blood: About 7 litres in a normal body or about 7% of the total body weight.
  • Largest; Part of human Brain: Cerebrum

This article tends to be beneficial for the teaching eligibility exams